BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY FEEDS FROM THREE DIFFERENT COMPANIES (VITAL FEED, GUINEA AND TOP FEED)
ABSTRACT
The bacteria contamination associated with poultry feeds from three different companies (vital, Guinea, and Top) were studied using streak plate techniques. The culture media used were nutrient agar and MacConkey agar. The aim/Objective of the study is. To ascertain the microbial safety of poultry feeds, to identify the bacterial types and to determine the microbial load of poultry feed. The microbial mean count was highest in vital feed as 1700 per ml followed by Guinea feed having mean count of 1490 per ml and least microbial mean count was got in top feed. Having 1070 per ml. The study revealedStaphylococcus aureus as the most predominant bacteria organism. Followed by Salmonella typhi, The next bacterial organism isolated was Bacillus cereus with and the least was Pseudomonas aeruginus. Also vital feed has the highest isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. The result showed that the poultry feeds in general had bacterial contamination.
But the microbial load was minimal increasing with decrease in acidity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page        –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      i
Certification   –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      ii
Dedication      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      iii
Acknowledgement  –      –      –      –      –      –      –      iv
Table of content     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      vi
List of table            –      –      –      –      –      –      –      vii
Abstract –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â viii
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CHAPTER ONE:
1.0Â INTRODUCTION Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â 1
1.1     Objective of study  –      –      –      –      –      –      3
1.2Â Â Â Â Â Aims of study –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â 3
1.3     Statement of problem    –      –      –      –      –      3
1.4     Limitation of the study  –      –      –      –      –      4
1.5     Significance of study      –      –      –      –      –      4
CHAPTER TWO:
2.0Â LITERATURE REVIEW –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â 5
CHAPTER THREE:
3.0Â MATERIALS AND METHODSÂ 18
3.1Â Â Â Â Â Materials (see appendix) Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â 18
3.2Â Â Â Â Â Methods –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â 18
3.2.1       Sterilization       –      –      –      –      –      –      18
3.2.2       Sources of sample      –      –      –      –      –      18
3.2.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Preparation of media –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â 19
3.2.4       Preparation of sample        –      –      –      –      19
3.2.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Gram staining and microscopic –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â 20
3.2.6       Biochemical test for identification of bacterial isolates     –      –      –   –      –      –      –      21
CHAPTER FOUR:
4.0Â RESULTSÂ Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 23
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.0Â DISCUSSION CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 28
5.1  Discussion     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      28
5.2  Conclusion     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      30
5.3  Recommendations –      –      –      –      –      –      31
References      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      32
Appendix-Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â 35
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1:  Plate count of bacterial from the three different feed samples examined                        23
Table 2:Â Â Preliminary identification of bacterial
Isolates                                                   24
Table 3:  Biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial isolates for the three different poultry feed                                                           25
Table 4:  Average count per ml and types of bacterial isolated from the three different poultry feed 27
 Â
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0Â INTRODUCTION
Poultry are collection of birds raised domestically for meat, egg and feathers, chickens, clucks, turkeys and geese are fowl and squabs are chiefly of local interest. These birds are source of income and food to the rarer. In the past, only hens that could no longer produce eggs were killed and sold for meat but by the mid – 20th century, meat production had outstripped egg. Production as a specialized industry (Barnes, K. 1993)
Today, poultry production in the country is increasing at a tremendous rate and yet cannot meet the demand because of population growth and the awareness created by the campaigns for the need of animal protein in the diet
There are different types of feeds given to poultry birds depending on the purpose, these different types are the breeders, starters, growers and layers feeds. The percentage of each ingredient in the feed varies depending on the type of feed. The ingredient includes ground yellow corn, ground oats.
Poultry have been found to be susceptible to infection due to certain microorganisms and man may be secondarily infected through heavy contaminated food such as poultry meat and eggs. Microorganisms that contaminate feed include, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Probidence, (Leonard, 1981).
1.6Â Â Â Â OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The objective of this study is to ascertain the microbial safety of poultry feeds production by companies (Vital, Guinea, and Top).
1.7Â Â Â Â AIMS OF STUDY
To isolate bacteria that contaminant poultry feeds.
1.8Â Â Â Â STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Poultry feed is known to contain Salmonella and other microorganisms. ( Lapidot, 1990). It is therefore pertinent to carry out microbiological examination of commercially prepared poultry feeds to ascertain their safety to livestock.
1.9Â Â Â Â LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This work is limited to bacteria contaminates associated with poultry feeds from three different companies (Top, Guinea, and Vital).
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