Abstract:
This study emphasizes the importance of accurate knowledge regarding the performance, degradation rate, and lifespan of photovoltaic (PV) modules for efficient solar PV power systems in various locations. Outdoor degradation analysis was conducted on a 10 W mono-crystalline PV module using the CR1000 software-based Data Acquisition System (DAS). The PV module and meteorological sensors were installed on a metal support structure at the Physics Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna (latitude 09o37’N, longitude 06o32’E, and 249 meters above sea level). Data was continuously monitored from 09:00 to 18:00 hours daily over four years (December 2014 to November 2018).
The CR1000 data logger connected directly to the sensors and the PV module, through electronic loads, recorded various parameters, including short-circuit current (Isc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), current at maximum power (Imax), voltage at maximum power (Vmax), power, and maximum power. These parameters, along with ambient data, were regularly logged. Data was downloaded every 7 days to ensure effective monitoring of the DAS, and monthly averages of relevant parameters were obtained.
Yearly averages were utilized to evaluate the module’s performance, degradation rate, and lifespan. The module’s performance over the four-year period was compared with Standard Test Condition (STC) specifications. The maximum power achieved at 1000W/m2 for the four years were 0.711W, 1.82W, 0.50W, and 0.22W, representing 7.11%, 18.39%, 5.0%, and 2.25% of the manufacturer’s 10W specification. Module efficiency at 1000W/m2 for the same period was 3.30%, 10.12%, 3.98%, and 2.82%, respectively, compared to the manufacturer’s STC specification of 46%. Module Performance Ratios for the investigated PV module were 0.072, 0.22, 0.087, and 0.061, respectively.
Regarding the Rate of Degradation (RoD), the study found that Open-Circuit voltage (Voc), Short-Circuit Current (Isc), Power-Output (P), and Maximum Power (Pmax) had an average yearly degradation rate of 1.06V, 0.002A, 0.082W, and 0.142W, representing 4.9%, 0.30%, 0.56%, and 1.4%, respectively, over the four years of study. Furthermore, an empirical statistical model was used to predict the module’s lifespan and yearly performance status based on the observed data. The model, given as YEAR = 4.60 – 0.603Voc (V) – 6.83Isc (A) + 1.75 Power (W), was employed for this purpose.
Assessing Annual Performance and Degradation Rate of Electrical Parameters in a Monocrystalline PV Module Located in Minna, Central Nigeria.  GET MORE, ACTUARIAL SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS
