COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH FOR HEALTH : FROM PROCESS TO OUTCOMES

Tables, Figures, and Exhibits. The Editors. The Contributors. Acknowledgments. PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH. One: Introduction to Community-Based Participatory Research: New Issues and Emphases (Meredith Minkler and Nina Wallerstein). The Growing Support for CBPR. Semantics and Core Principles. CBPR and the Fight to Eliminate Health Disparities. Goals of This Book: Continuing Concerns and New Emphases. Organization of This Book. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Two: The Theoretical, Historical, and Practice Roots of CBPR and Related Participatory Traditions (Nina Wallerstein and Bonnie Duran). Historical Roots. Core Concepts and New Theories. Feminism, Poststructuralism, and Postcolonialism. Paulo Freire and Praxis. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Three: Critical Issues in Developing and Following Community-Based Participatory Research Principles (Barbara A. Israel, Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker, Adam B. Becker, Alex J. Allen III, and J. Ricardo Guzman). CBPR Definition and Key Principles. Issues in Developing and Following CBPR Principles. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Four: Bringing Experimental Design to Community-Partnered Participatory Research (Loretta Jones, Paul Koegel, and Kenneth B. Wells). Using CPPR as a Framework. The Fit Between Designs and Projects. Experimental Design Lessons from the Building Wellness Pilot. Applying the Lessons: CPIC. The Road Ahead for CPIC. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. PART TWO: POWER, TRUST, AND DIALOGUE: WORKING WITH DIVERSE COMMUNITIES IN COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH. Five: The Dance of Race and Privilege in Community-Based Participatory Research (Vivian Chavez, Bonnie Duran, Quinton E. Baker, Magdalena M. Avila, Nina Wallerstein). Framework of Oppression and Racism. Translating Culture. White Privilege. Building Alliances Across Differences. Recommendations for Research and Practice. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Six: Are Academics Irrelevant? Approaches and Roles for Scholars in Community-Based Participatory Research (Randy Stoecker). Options for the Academic. Recommendations for the Academic. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Seven: Community-Based Participatory Research with Cambodian Girls in Long Beach, California: A Case Study (Ann Cheatham-Rojas and Eveline Shen). ACRJ and the HOPE Projects. Setting the Stage for Participatory Research. Identifying Sexual Harassment as an Issue. Researching the Problem. Moving into Action. Khmer Girls in Action: A Youth-Led Organization Is Born. Lessons Learned. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Eight: CBPR with a Hidden Population: The Transgender Community Health Project a Decade Later (Kristen Clements-Nolle and Ari Max Bachrach). The Transgender Community and the CBPR Study. Project Impact over Ten Years. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. PART THREE: SELECTING ISSUES AND EVALUATING OUTCOMES WITH COMMUNITIES. Nine: Community-Driven Asset Identification and Issue Selection (Meredith Minkler and Trevor Hancock). Core Principles and Considerations. Tools for Identifying Community Resources and Concerns. Issue Selection in CBPR. When Preexisting Goals Constrain Issue Selection. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Ten: Using Web-Based Tools to Build Capacity for CBPR: Two Case Studies of American Indian Leadership Development (Marita Jones, Shelley Frazier, Chris Percy, Jeffrey L. Stowell, Kristine Maltrud, and Nina Wallerstein). Introduction to Case Studies. Case 1: Healthy Native Communities Fellowship. Case 2: Just Move It. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Eleven: Using Photovoice for Participatory Assessment and Issue Selection: Lessons from a Family, Maternal and Child Health Department (Caroline C. Wang and Cheri A. Pies). Background and Conceptual Framework. Community Assessment. A Photovoice Case Study from a County Health Department. Reflecting on Value Added. Recommendations and Implications. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Twelve: Issues in Participatory Evaluation (Jane Springett and Nina Wallerstein). What Is Evaluation? What Is Participatory Evaluation? Use of PE in Community Health. PE Issues in Community Health Promotion. Youth Link Case Study. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. PART FOUR: METHODOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING AND CONDUCTING COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH. Thirteen: Issues and Choice Points for Improving the Quality of Action Research (Hilary Bradbury and Peter Reason). Broadening the Bandwidth of Validity. Toward a Participatory Worldview. Choice Points for Action Research. Emergent Inquiry Toward Enduring Consequence. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Fourteen: Impacts of CBPR on Academic Researchers, Research Quality and Methodology, and Power Relations (Meredith Minkler and Andrea Corage Baden). Methods. Impacts of CBPR on Methodology and Processes. Impacts on Research Quality. Impacts on Power Relations. Discussion. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Fifteen: Methodological and Ethical Considerations in Community-Driven Environmental Justice Research: Two Case Studies from Rural North Carolina (Stephanie Ann Farquhar and Steve Wing). Eastern North Carolina Snapshot. Case 1: Industrialized Hog Production. Case 2: Discrimination in Disaster Relief. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Sixteen: Analyzing and Interpreting Data with Communities (Suzanne B. Cashman, Alex J. Allen III, Jason Corburn, Barbara A. Israel, Jaime Monta~no, Scott D. Rhodes, Samara F. Swanston, and Eugenia Eng). Case 1: Survey Data from the East Side Village Health Worker Partnership. Case 2.: Focus Group Data from a Latino Men’s Soccer League. Case 3: Mapping Data in the Watchperson Project and El Puente. Lessons Learned. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. PART FIVE: USING COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH TO PROMOTE SOCIAL CHANGE AND HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY. Seventeen: The Role of Community-Based Participatory Research in Policy Advocacy (Makani Themba-Nixon, Meredith Minkler, and Nicholas Freudenberg). The Policy-Making Process. Defining and Framing a Policy Goal. Selecting a Policy Approach. Identifying a Target. Support, Power, and Opposition. Policy Process Stages and CBPR Opportunities. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Eighteen: Using CBPR to Promote Environmental Justice Policy: A Case Study from Harlem, New York (Peggy Shepard, Victoria Breckwich Vasquez, and Meredith Minkler). Case Background. Research Methods, Roles, and Findings. Discussion. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Nineteen: Participatory Action Research with Hotel Room Cleaners in San Francisco and Las Vegas: From Collaborative Study to the Bargaining Table (Pam Tau Lee, Niklas Krause, Charles Goetchius, Jo Marie Agresti, and Robin Baker). Theoretical Framework. Research Partners’ Roles and Concerns. Defining Topics and Enhancing Participation. Designing and Pilot-Testing the Survey. Selecting the Sample Populations. Planning Outreach and Logistics. Analyzing the Data. Study Findings Translating Findings into Action. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Twenty: Addressing Food Security Through Policy Promoting Store Conversions: The Role of a CBPR Partnership (Victoria Breckwich Vasquez, Dana Lanza, Susana Hennessey Lavery, Shelley Facente, Helen Ann Halpin, and Meredith Minkler). Food Insecurity. The CBPR Partnership. LEJ Partnership’s Policy Steps. Local Policy-Related Outcomes. Summary. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. PART SIX: NEXT STEPS AND STRATEGIES FOR THE FUTURE OF COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH. Twenty-One: What Predicts Outcomes in Community-Based Participatory Research (Nina Wallerstein, John Oetzel, Bonnie Duran, Greg Tafoya, Lorenda Belone, and Rebecca Rae). Study Background. Literature Search. Assessing Dimensions of Participation and Partnership. Final Model Relationships Between Dimensions. Measurement Issues. Summary and Implications for Future Research. Questions for Discussion. Key Terms. Appendix A: A Protocol for Community-Based Research (Leland Brown and William A. Vega). Appendix B: Federal Funding and Support for Participatory Research in Public Health and Health Care (Shawna L. Mercer and Lawrence W. Green). Appendix C: Reliability-Tested Guidelines for Assessing Participatory Research Projects (Shawna L. Mercer, Lawrence W. Green, Margaret Cargo, Margaret A. Potter, Mark Daniel, R. Scott Olds, and Erika Reed-Gross). Appendix D: Using the Community Tool Box Online Documentation System to Support Participatory Evaluation of Community Health Initiatives (Stephen Fawcett and Jerry Schultz). Appendix E: Making the Best Case for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Promotion and Tenure Review (Sarena D. Seifer). Appendix F: Community Partnership Through a Nursing Lens (Jennifer Averill). Appendix G: Ethical Review of Community-Based Participatory Research: Considerations for Institutional Review Boards (Sarah Flicker, Robb Travers, Adrian Guta, Sean McDonald, and Aileen Meagher). Appendix H: Research Policies, Processes, and Protocol: The Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board (Beverly Becenti-Pigman, Kalvin White, Bea Bowman, Nancy “Lynn” Palmanteer-Holder, and Bonnie Duran). Appendix I: Undoing Racism Training as a Foundation for Team Building in CBPR (Robert E. Aronson, Michael A. Yonas, Nora Jones, Nettie Coad, and Eugenia Eng). Appendix J: Risk Mapping as a Tool for Community-Based Participatory Research and Organizing (Marianne P. Brown). Appendix K: Using CBPR to Promote Policy Change: Exercises and Online Resources (Cassandra Ritas, Meredith Minkler, Angela Ni, and Helen Ann Halpin). Appendix L: Selected Centers and Other Resources for Participatory Research in North America (Meredith Minkler, Nina Wallerstein, Angela Ni, and Rosanna Tran).