TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGES
Title Page
Certification – – – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements- – – – – – – – – iv
Table of Content- – – – – – – – – – vi
List of Tables- – – – – – – – – – x
Abstract- – – – – – – – – – – xi
CHAPTER ONE
- Introduction – – – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – – – 2
1.3 Scope and Limitations of the Study – – – – – 3
1.4 Definition of Terms- – – – – – – – 4
CHAPTER TWO
- Literature Reviews- – – – – – – – 4
2.1 Description of Moringaoliefera – – – – – 4
2.2 Cultivation- – – – – – – – – – 5
2.2.1 Cultivation Practice – – – – – – – – 6
2.2.2 Propagation – – – – – – – – – 6
2.2.3 Plantation- – – – – – – – – – 6
2.3 Breeding- – – – – – – – – – 7
2.3.1 Yield and Harvest- – – – – – – – – 7
2.4 Leaves- – – – – – – – – – 8
2.4.1 Pest and Diseases- – – – – – – – – 8
2.5 Nutrients – – – – – – – – – 9
2.5.1 Nutritional Value per 100gm – – – – – – 9
2.5.2 Mineral Nutrients – – – – – – – – 10
2.6 Culinary Uses- – – – – – – – – 11
2.6.1 Other Uses- – – – – – – – – – 11
2.6.2 Health Benefits of Moringaoleifera – – – – – 12
2.7 Nutritional Composition – – – – – – 12
2.7.1 Anti-Inflammatory Effects – – – – – – 13
2.7.2 Anti-Microbial Effects of Moringaoliefera – – – – 13
2.7.3 Anti-Oxidant Properties of Moringaoliefera – – – – 14
2.7.4 Heavy Metals- – – – – – – – – 15
2.8 Sources of Heavy Metals- – – – – – – 15
2.9 Factors influencing uptakes of Heavy Metal by part – – 16
2.9.1 Cadmium (Cd)- – – – – – – – – 17
2.9.2 Lead (Pb)- – – – – – – – – – 18
2.9.3 Arsenic (As)- – – – – – – – – 18
2.9.4Mercury (Hg)- – – – – – – – – 19
2.9.5 Chromium (Cr)- – – – – – – – – 19
CHAPTER THREE
- Materials and Method – – – – – – – – 20
- Material – – – – – – – – – – 20
- Methods – – – – – – – – – – 20
CHAPTER FOUR
- Result and Discussion – – – – – – – – 23
- Results – – – – – – – – – – 23
- Discussion – – – – – – – – – – 25
CHAPTER FIVE
- Conclusion and Recommendations – – – – – 29
- Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 29
- Recommendations – – – – – – – – 29
LIST OF TABLE
Table Page
Table 1:Â Â Â Â Â Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Moringaoleifera Leave- 24Â Â Â
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ABSTRACT
This study investigated bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Moringaoliefera leaves. This was done with a view to determining the concentration and types of heavy metals in the Moringaoliefera leaves. Sample was obtained from IkotOsurua, in IkotEkpene Local Government Area. Sample were dried, ground and analyzed for Pb, Cd, As and Ni using standard analytical procedures and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Results of the analysis revealed the concentration of the heavy metals as follows: Pb (0.22 ± 0.001 mg/kg, Cd (0.024 ± 0.001mg/kg), As (0.013 ± 0.000 mg/kg) and Ni (0.027 ± 0.003 mg/kg). These concentrations of the heavy metals followed the trend of Ni > Cd >Pb> As. This result suggested that metal in any of its part, hence carc should be taken when harvesting the plant for medicinal purpose.
