High-speed packet access (HSPA) was included in third generation partnership project (3GPP) releases 5 and 6 for downlink and for uplink. The 3GPP release 7 offers a number of HSPA enhancements, providing major improvements to the end-user performance and to network efficiency. The release 7 features are introduced in this paper. Release 7 also is known as HSPA evolution or HSPA+. The HSPA+ downlink peak bit rate can be increased to 28.8 Mbps with a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna solution, and the uplink rate can be increased to 11.5 Mbps with higher order modulation in release 7. The higher peak rates are facilitated by the layer 2 optimization in downlink. In addition, the terminal power consumption can be reduced considerably for packet applications. The downlink cell capacity will be enhanced with new types of terminal requirements for a two-antenna equalizer and with MIMO. Altogether, release 7 features nearly double the cell capacity compared to release 6 with emphasis on the capacity of voice-over-IP (VoIP) service. 3GPP release 7 enables the simplification of the network architecture. The number of network elements for the user plane can be reduced from four in release 6 to two in release 7. The HSPA flat architecture in release 7 is similar to the architecture agreed upon for 3GPP long-term evolution (LTE), thus enabling the later, smooth evolution from HSPA to LTE. LTE will be specified as part of release 8 and further push the radio capabilities higher with larger bandwidth and lower latency. The LTE performance target is to provide two-to-four times the performance of the HSPA release 6 reference case [1]. 3GPP release 7 and 8 solutions for the HSPA evolution will be worked in parallel together with the LTE development, and some aspects of the LTE work are expected to reflect on the HSPA evolution as well. 3GPP release 7 was completed in June 2007, with some work remaining on the performance requirements. Commercial deployment and devices are expected by 2009.
PLACE YOUR ADVERT HERE
- ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS3553
- EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS3486
- ENGLISH AND LINGUISTIC PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS2939
- COMPUTER SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS FINAL YEAR1274
- BANKING AND FINANCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS1250
- BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS1236
- EDUCATION FOUNDATION GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING TOPICS AND MATERIALS1045
- ZOOLOGY PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS1002
- MASS COMMUNICATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS1001
- ANIMAL SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS978
- LAW PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS896
- ARTS EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS844
- MARKETING PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS690
- AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS676
- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS654
LATEST PROJECTS
STUDIES ON SOME ASPECTS OF ANTHRACNOSE-BLIGHT-DIEBACK COMPLEX OF CULTIVARS OF GRAPEVINES (VITIS SPP.) IN...
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES OF TWENTY POTATO GENOTYPES
RELATIONSHIP OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND POTASSIUM POLYMORPHISM WITH CONFORMATION, MILK PRODUCTION AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES...
ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS AMONG MEMBERS AND NON-MEMBERS OF WOMEN CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN OJU...
SMALL FARMER CREDIT WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO NIGERIA
DISCLAIMER
All undertaking works, records and reports posted on this website, modishproject.com are the property/copyright of their individual proprietors. They are for research reference/direction purposes and the works are publicly supported. Do not present another person’s work as your own to maintain a strategic distance from counterfeiting its results. Use it as a guide and not to duplicate the work in exactly the same words (verbatim). modishproject.com is a vault of exploration works simply like academia.edu, researchgate.net, scribd.com, docsity.com, coursehero and numerous different stages where clients transfer works. The paid membership on modishproject.com is a method by which the site is kept up to help Open Education. In the event that you see your work posted here, and you need it to be eliminated/credited, it would be ideal if you call us on +2348053692035 or send us a mail along with the web address linked to the work, to [email protected]. We will answer to and honor each solicitation. Kindly note notification it might take up to 24 - 48 hours to handle your solicitation.