TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledge iv
Table of content v
Chapter one
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 3
- Aims and objective of the study 4
- Significance of the study 5
- Scope of the study 5
- Limitation of the study 6
- Definition of terms
- Organization of the study
CHAPTER TWO
- Introduction 7
- Conceptual issue 7
- Nature of finance ratio 8
- Theoretical frame work 9
- Empirical review 21
CHAPTER THREE
- Introductions 22
- Historical background of union bank of Nigeria PLC 22
- Estimation techniques 24
- Sources of data 24
- Method of data collection 24
- Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
- Introduction
25
- Presentation and Data Analysis 25
- Analysis and Interpretation of Data 29
- Discuss of Findings 34
CHAPTER FIVE
- summary
of findings, conclusion and recommendations 37
- summary 37
- conclusion 37
- recommendations 38
REFERENCES 41
APPENDIXÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 42
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Financial information which serves as the basis for financial and decision making is needed for production evaluation and comparison of a firm (Pandy, 1999).
Financial statement are means of carrying or conveying to management and to interested outside a concise picture of the profitability and financial position of business.
They constitute a report of management performance affecting to managerial success or failure and flashing warning signal of impending difficulties.
The financial statement shows the financial position of the business as the time of report and also the operating result by which the company arrived at its time of report and also the operating result by which the company arrived at its position.
They only give some information about financial event. Before users of financial statement can read meaning to the array of data or information contained in it, a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has be done using certain analysis tools.
The objective of business enterprise in publishing financial statement is to assist decision makers or users in evaluating the financial strength profitability liquidity and future prospect of the business entity. This objective cannot be justified or accomplished if users do not read meaning or understood the financial statement published (Meig and Meigs, 1994)
Financial statement of a firm includes income statement balance sheet, director’s reports auditor’s report, note to the account value-added statement, cash flow statement and five years financial summary (Frank Wood 1996).
There are various users of financial statement of a firm, they include management shareholder, auditors, employees, government etc. and each of them has their own area of interest.
For example, management are interested in profitability growth stability, dividend policy of the company etc. all being mentioned need to be measure using tools or techniques (colwe1996)
The following are various analytical tool techniques:
- Accounting ratio
- Value added statement
- Cash flow statement.
The focus of the research is based on accounting ratio, because it Is the most powerful and company used of all the tools. Accounting ratio is a proportion between one item in a same of financial statement (Igben 1999)
This study classified ratio according to John and Oriot (1996) and Aborode (2005) precisely speaking accounting ratio is the yard stick for evaluating financial position and performance of a firm.
This study aim at the impact of ratio (accounting) analysis as it encompassed the present financial position, future financial capacity analysis and comparative relationship of these to the financial position of the firm.
ACCOUNTING RATIO: shows the relationship of result of the firm’s activities.
The interpretation of the final account and the balance sheet could therefore be carried out using the accounting ratio, so obtained from the activities.
The analysis may for example be a banker considering loan to firm. He is primarily interested in the firm’s near term on liquidity position so he stresses ratio that measure liquidity.
VALUE ADDED STATEMENT (ASSC): in 1975, defined Value Added Statement as the wealth the reporting entity has been able to create by its own end its employee’s effort. The value added statement is the difference between the output and the input of an entity as measured in financial terms, it is the wealth created by an entity through the joint effort of the entity and of its employee using funds provided from eternal services and internally generated.
A Value Added Statement is a report which shows the monetary wealth created by an organization during the period under consideration and how this monetary wealth employee’s government provides of capital and retention for growth and expansion.
CASH FLOW STATEMENT: The cash flow statement provides information about the cash receipts and cash payment on an enterprise over a given period. It indicates the pattern of cash generation from the operation or through new capital raised and how payments are made for taxes, dividends new investment and debt. It is designed to shed light on enterprises.
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Financial statement is said to show the type of the company serves as a basis for decision makers in evaluation of the financial strength, profitability and future prospect of a business entity. The users have no been able to the true picture because they can not interpret and understand the financial statement as a result of the technicalities of accounting language.
Even the additional notes to the account to a layman other problems than leads to this study.
- What types of tool is be employed or adopted in comparison of present and past performance and how the tool could be implement to make good comparison.
- Will the analysis of the financial statement be important to the general public and prospective investor?
- What will be the effect of ratio analysis on the future prospect of a banking industry.
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES STUDY
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of ratio analysis, is measuring corporate performance of an organization. Effort are made to evaluate the following.
- The ability of the form to meet its current obligation the extent to which the firm has used its long-term solver by borrowing funds.
- The efficiency with which the firm is utilizing its asset generating sales revenue end.
- The overall operating efficiency and performance of the firm end.
- To interpret the result to different user for decision.
Other objectives include:
- Identify
the needs for performance evaluation of corporate organization.
- To analyze the financial statement of Union Bank PLC using Accounting Ratio.
- To assess the impact of such financial ratio analysis on the present and future performance of Union Bank PLC.
- Measure the strength and weakness opportunity and threats facing the organization in using the result of analysis.
- To give information that will assist existing and potential investor to utilization their judicious from the analysis of the bank financially statement.
