ABSTARCT
Communal conflicts and violence have become a plague that has eaten deep into the fabric of Nigerian economy. These conflicts result from different value systems, aggressive competition for environmental resources and ethnic/identity crisis amongst others. In the study area, several communal clashes abound. The major consequence of this bloody communal clashes have been an outright reduction in the livelihood and development potential of the people. Through empirical survey of 8 communities; information on the major causes and patterns of communal conflicts and its effect on development in Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria were obtained. Three hypotheses were measured, tested, and correlated. Using Chi-square X2 =
(O – E)2/E at a significant level of 0.05 degree of freedom.
 These include: (1) there is no significant relationship between communal conflicts and rural development. (2)There is no significant relationship between farmland dispute and rural development (3) there is no significant relationship between community violence and rapiddevelopment of rural areas.The result indicates that development in the study area has been adversely retarded by communal conflicts.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE – – – – – – – i
CERTIFICATION – – – – – – – ii
DEDICATION – – – – – – – – iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS – – – – – – iv
ABSTRACT – – – – – – – – xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – 8
1.3 Objectives of the study – – – – 11
1.4 Significant of the study – – – – – 12
1.5 Scope of the study – – – – – 12
1.6 Statement of hypotheses – – – – – 13
1.7 Research Questions – – – – – 13
1.8 Definition of Terms – – – – – 14
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Literature review – – – – – – 16
2.1.1 The nature and causes of communal conflict in
Nigeria – – – – – – – 17
2.1.2 An assessment of communal conflicts and rural
Development – – – – – – 21
2.1.3 Communal violence, land disputes, scarce resources
and the effort of government in the development of
rural areas in Nigeria – – – – – 27
2.1.6 The Importance of Peace building and
development – – – – – – 33
2.2 Theoretical framework – – – – – 34
2.2.1 Conflict Theory (Karl Marx; 1818-1883) – – 34
2.2.2 Symbolic interactionist theory – – – 38
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – 40
3.2 Study area – – – – – – – 41
3.3 Population of the study – – – – – 42
3.4 Sources of data collection – – – – 43
3.5 Sample and sampling technique – – – 43
3.6 Research instrument – – – – – 44
3.6.1 Validity of Research Instrument – – – 45
3.6.2 Reliability of Research Instrument – – – 45
3.6.3 Administration of research instrument – – 46
3.7 Method of Data Analysis – – – – 46
3.8 Problems Encountered – – – – – 47
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF DATA AND DISCUSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 General Description of Data – – – – 48
4.2 Test of Hypothesis – – – – – 54
4.3 Discussion of Findings – – – – – 60
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of the Study – – – – – 63
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 64
5.3 Recommendations- – – – – – 67
Appendix
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
