AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF AKBC RADIO PROGRAMME “ESA IBAN” ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN ESSIEN UDIM LGA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTERS PAGES
Title page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Table of Contents – – – – – – – v
List of Tables – – – – – – – vi
List of Appendices – – – – – – – ix
Abstract – – – – – – – – x
INTRODUCTION – – – – – –
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – – – 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study – – – – – – 5
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – 5
1.5 Scope of the Study – – – – – – 6
1.6 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 6
1.7 Limitations of the Study- – – – – – – 6
1.8 Definition of Terms – – – – – – 7
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – 11
2.1 Concept of Perception – – – – – – 11
2.2 The Process of Audience Perception towards
Radio Programmes – – – – – – – 14
2.2.2 Selective Perception – – – – – – 15
2.2.3 Selective Retention – – – – – – 16
2.2.4 Selective Attention – – – – – – 16
2.3 Factors Affecting Perception – – – – – 17
2.4 Role of Radio Programmes in Developing Women – – 21
2.5 Role of Mass Media on Social Development – – –
2.6 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – 23
2.4 Empirical Review – – – – – – – 25
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY – – – – 27
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 27
3.2 Population of the Study – – – – – – 27
3.3 Sample and Sampling Procedure – – – – 27
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection – – – – 29
3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instrument – – – 30
3.6 Method of Data Collection – – – – 31
3.7 Method of Data Presentation and Analysis – – 31
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS
AND DISCUSSION – – – – – 32
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis – – – – 32
4.2 Discussion of Findings – – – – 38
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – 42
5.1 Summary of Findings – – – – – 42
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 43
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – 44
References
Appendix
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Age Group Distribution of Respondents – – 32
Table 2: Gender Distribution of Respondents – – 33
Table 3: Marital Status Distribution of Respondents – 33
Table 4: Distribution of Educational Qualification – 33
Table 5: Response on Whether Women of Essien Udimhave Radio Set in their Houses – – – – 34
Table 6: Response on Whether Women of Essien Udim have Radio Set in their Houses – – – – 34
Table 7: Response on Whether Women of Essien Udim are Aware of the Programme “Esa Iban” – 35
Table 8: Response on whether AKBC radio Programme“Esa Iban” Create Awareness their Area – 35
Table 9: Response on Language Used for the Programme “Esa Iban” – – – – 36
Table 10: Response on How Often they listen to the Programme – – – – – 36
Table 11: Response on How Women in Essien Udim Perceive Esa Iban – – – – – 37
Table 12: Response on Whether the Programme Affect their Social Life – – – – 37
Table 13: Response on How the Programme “Esa Iban”Affect their Social Life – – – – 38
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix I: Letter of Introduction
Appendix II: Questionnaire
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at examining the audience perception of AKBC Radio Programme “Esa Iban” on Social Development of Women in Essien Udim local Government Area. The objectives of this study were; to determining whether women in Essien Udim are aware of the AKBC radio programme “Esa Iban, to determine whether they listen to AKBC radio programme “Esa Iban” to determine how women in Essien Udim perceive the programme “Esa Iban” and to find out how the programme affect their social life.Research questions were used to guide the study. Silverstein theory was used as it was suitable for this study. The study adopted a survey method. Cluster sampling technique was used to select 380 samples. Data were gathered through the use of structural questionnaire. The findings shows that Women in Essien Udim listen to AKBC radio programme “Esa Iban, Women in Essien Udim find the programme very interesting and the programme “Esa Iban” affect women in Essien Udim positively. The study recommended That government should assist people in rural to have access to radio and create awareness on educative programmes aired on radio, that all agencies involved in dissemination of information on intended for rural women (in particular) and rural dwellers (in general) should utilize the radio in doing so.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The idea of establishing radio programme as any other mass media programme is to educate, entertain, inform, and socialize the people. The emphasis largely has to do with creating awareness, surveillance of the environment, and correlation of the parts of the society in responding to its environment and the transmission of cultural heritage (Mcquil, 1998). It also helps in providing individual reward, relaxation and reduction of tension, which makes it easier for people to cope with real life problems and for societies to avoid breakdown (Mendelson, 1966). That radio has had a tremendous social impact, affecting attitudes and behavior is undeniable.
In recognition of the unique nature of radio in terms of simplicity, wider coverage bringing the world to those who cannot read, its immediacy (Mcleish, 1978), its transmission in various local languages (Moemeka, 1981) as well as its contribution to the development of a nation, it is still the most credible source of news and enlightenment in most part of Africa (Okigbo, 1990). This made radio one of the most appropriate means of communication in any society, beating literacy barriers (Moemeka, 1981). In addition, radio has that personal touch that lends urgency to change.
Basically, communication is the process through which one person (the communicator) elicits responses from another person (the communicant) by the use of symbols (Hall, 1967). In radio programme, the communicator is far more apt to be a group than an individual. He is almost always a member of a large group – the audience. Audiences are made up of people who are different from each other, in a great many respects. These differences may be social, educational economic, psychological, cultural, ethical, religious, political, physical or intellectual. This wide diversity of backgrounds, skills, attitudes, produce problems for radio programmers. Hence, the subject matter of this work – Perception of AKBC radio programme “Esa Iban” on Social development of women in Essien Udim LGA.
The success of any communication is determined by response behaviour of the listener. The contribution a radio programme can make in social development of women depends largely on the contents of the message in the programme. In the past i.e. in the 1930s, when media were well developed in the developed countries, they were credited with considerable power to shape opinion and belief, change habit of life, mold behavior actively more or less according to the will of those who could control the media and their contents (see Bauer and Bauer in Mcquil, 1993). Over time, this assumption was dated. Researchers in media effects subsequently indicated that there are intervening variables relating to and from personal contact and social environment that affects the influence of media in attitudes and behaviour change (Mcquil, 1993).
Producing a radio programme is a mixture of the ideal and the expedient (Chester, et.al., 1978). Thus, the programme must have the ability to capture the mind’s eye of its audience. The producer has to have a deep knowledge and understand the people and the community he is directing the progrmame to. By this, we can produce a programme that his audience can feel it might help them in taking decision about their life. Sociologists believes that people of different social positions will share similar demographic characteristics and would exhibit similar reaction to messages. Variables as gender, age, education, income, ethic background and religion have influence on the kind of information selected. Social categories theories ‘takes account of the fact that the audience is stratified according to such variables of social position as life cycle, occupation, class, religion, sex etc.” (Deflewer, 1970). Members of a particular category will select more or less the same content and will respond to it in roughly equal ways.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
A good understanding of people’s culture, religion, income, and educational background is needed in planning interventions to change their attitudes and behaviour change. It is not easy to change the pattern of a woman who is used to disrespect men, does not satisfy with her husband, lacks moral upbringing etc. These issues are very foreign to her. In the light of the above the study intends to investigate how socially benefited from the programme “Esa Iban”. Essien Udim is an Annang speaking local government area in Akwa Ibom State. It was created on the 8th of may, 1989, by the Ibrahim Babangida administration with its headquarter at Afaha Ikot Ebak. Details of the population show that there are 102,012 males and 90,656 females in the local government are. Therefore Essien Udim is one of the largest Local Government Area but in an interior part in the State. This makes majority of women uneducated and as such is difficult for them to accept change.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objectives are:
- To determine whether women in Essien Udim are aware of the AKBC radio drama programme “Esa Iban”.
To determine whether they listen to AKBC radio drama programme “Esa .Iban”
Determine how they perceive the programme.
To find out how the programme “Esa Iban” affect their social life of Women in Essien Udim.
1.4 Research Questions
The study have the following research questions:
- What are the levels of awareness of drama programme “Esa Iban” to women of Essien Udim?
- Do women in Essien Udim listen to AKBC radio programme “Esa Iban”?
How do women in Essien Udim perceive the programme “Esa Iban”?
How does the programme “Esa Iban” affect their social life?
1.5 Scope of the Study
The research on the audience perception of AKBC radio programme “Esa Iban on social development of women in Essien Udim seven (7) clans in Essien Udim Local Government Area.
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AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF AKBC RADIO PROGRAMME “ESA IBAN” ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN ESSIEN UDIM LGA
