ABSTRACT
Analysis of the effect of raw carrot juice on some haematological parameters of alloxan – induced diabetic rats was carried out using standard haematological assay method. Twenty (20) healthy male albino wistar rats weighing (81-117g) were randomly divided into five groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 was sustained into normal feed and distilled water and served as the normal control. Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 were administered 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate intrapentoneally after an overnight fast. Blood glucose was checked and animals with blood glucose level of 200mg/dl and above were considered diabetic and used for the study. Group 2 was selected as diabetic control and sustained with feed and water only. Group 3, 4 and 5 were treated with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight of raw carrot juice for the period of 28 days. All animals were given access to feed and water ad libitum. After 28 days the animals were subjected to an overnight fast. Animals were anaesthesized with chloroform vapour and blood collected by cardiac puncture and used for the haematological analysis. The results of analysis showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in TWBC and LYMP in diabetic control when compared with the normal control. Administration of raw carrot juice at 600mg/kg significantly increased (P < 0.05) level of TWBC and LYMP when compared with diabetic control. Neutrophils, Basophils and Eosinophils showed significant (P<0.05) increase in diabetic group when compared to the untreated animals. The results suggests heamatinic potential of the raw carrot juice and is therefore recommended that it should be included in the diet of humans most especially the diabetic or those prone to developing diabetes.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – v
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – – 4
1.2.1 Aim – – – – – – – – 4
1.2.2 Objectives – – – – – – – 4
1.3 Scope and Limitation – – – – – – 5
1.4 Significance of the study – – – – – 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW – – 6
2.1 Botanical classification of Carrot – – – 6
2.2 Description of Carrot – – – – – 6
2.3 Nutritional value of Carrot – – – – 9
2.4 Pharmacological Properties of Carrot – – – 13
2.4.1 Cytotoxic effect – – – – – – 13
2.4.2 Antioxidant Effect – – – – – – 15
2.4.3 CNS Effects – – – – – – – 17
2.4.4 Antimicrobial Effects – – – – – 20
2.4.5 Gastroprotective Effect – – – – – 23
2.4.6 Nephroprotective and Hepatoprotective effect – 26
2.4.7 Cardiovascular Effects – – – – – 28
2.4.8 Antidiabetic Effect – – – – – – 30
2.4.9 Antiinflammatory Effects – – – – 32
2.4.10 Effects on reproductive systems – – – 34
2.4.11 Wound Healing Effect – – – – – 36
2.4.12 Effect on smooth muscles – – – – 37
2.4.13 Effect on intraocular pressure – – – – 38
2.4.14 Hearing induction effect – – – – – 38
2.5    Carrot Juice         –       –       –       –       –       –       –       39
2.6 Nutritional value of Carrot juice – – – 41
2.7 Haematological parameters – – – – 41
2.7.1 White Blood Cell differentials – – – – 41
2.7.2 Neutrophils –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 44
2.7.2.1 Esinophils – – – – – – – 45
2.7.2.2 Basophils – – – – – – – 48
2.7.2.3 Lymphocytes – – – – – – 49
2.7.2.4 Monocytes        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       50
2.7.2.5 MCH – – – – – – – 51
2.8    Alloxan      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       52
2.9 Biological Effects of Alloxan – – – – 53
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS – 55
3.1 Materials – – – – – – – 55
3.2 Methods – – – – – – – 55
3.2.1 Collection and Preparation of Samples – – – 55
3.2.2 Experimental Design and Animal Grouping        –       –       56
3.2.3 Collection of Blood samples – – – – 57
3.2.4 Determination of Haematological parameters     –       58
3.3 Statistical Analysis – – – – – – 61
[
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – 62
4.1 Result s- – – – – – – – 62
4.2 Discussion – – – – – – – 65
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION – – – – – – 70
5.1 Conclusion – – – – – – – 70
5.2 Recommendation – – – – – – 70
References
