CHALLENGES OF ENGLISH – FRENCH TRANSLATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF SELECTED JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
Translation typically has been used to transfer written or spoken SL (source language) texts to equivalent written or spoken TL(target language) texts.
In general, the purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts including religious, literary, scientific and philosophical texts in another language and thus making them available to wider readers.Nigeria is no doubt a multilingual and multicultural country. An average Nigeria consciously or unconsciously makes use of two or more languages including his/her mother tongue. It therefore becomes necessary to talk about TRANSLATION.
Translation ,which of course pre-supposes bi- or multilingualism, is a universal human activity that has been made necessary, through ages ,by the ever- growing interactions among different speech communities; it can be described as the rendition in a target language of a text or discourse given in a source language (Ladmiral,1994:11) in Jimoh Y(2002).
“Bilingualism no doubt leads to attempt generally made by bilinguals to practice translation either consciously or unconsciously”, and this has been leading to the erroneous belief that all bilinguals are capable of practicing translation, especially in Nigeria, and with specific reference to English/French translationJimoh Y..(2002:448).
The interpretative school of translation identifies three systematic stages involved in the translation of any text or discourse; and according to Lederer (1994) in Jimoh (2002), they include;
- Comprehension of the text or discourse given in the source-language
- Deverbalistion,that is the reconstruction of the text or discourse in the mind of the translator: and
- Verbalsisation or Re-expression in the target language of the text or discourse.
In the case of written translation that this study tried to investigate, however, there is need to add a fourth stage, which we refer to as EDITING .This is when both the original text and its translation are put side by side with a view to ensuring faithfulness to (as opposed to betrayal of)the original text. At this stage too, all necessary corrections are made so as to produce a relatively perfect translation.
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CHALLENGES OF ENGLISH – FRENCH TRANSLATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF SELECTED JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
