Extraction And Analysis Of Myristic Oil From Monodora Myrislica (Ehuru)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction                                                                            1

1.1     Aim of the Project Work                                                         2

1. Statement of Problem                                                    3
2. Limitation                                                                      3
3. Justification                                                                             3

CHAPTER TWO      

1. Literature Review                                                          4

2.1     Definitions of the Analytical Parameters                       5

2.1.1  Saponification value                                                      5

1. Iodine Value                                                                  5
2. Acid Value                                                                     5
3. Specific Gravity                                                             5
4. Fatty Acids                                                                    6
5. Peroxide Value                                                              6
6. Chemical Composition of Vegetable Oil                        6

CHAPTER THREE

1. Materials used in the Work                                            8

3.1     Extraction Procedure                                                     8

1. The Soxhlet Extraction                                                  10
2. Procedures for oil Characterization                                11
   1. Determination of Iodine Value                                                11
   2. Determination Saponification value                              11
   3. Determination Peroxide value                                        12
   4. Determination of Acid Value                                         12
   5. Determination of Specific Gravity                                 12
   6. Determination Viscosity                                                          13
   7. Determination Percentage oil yield                                13

CHAPTER FOUR

1. Results and Discussion                                                  15

4.1     Calculation of Iodine Value                                           15

1. Calculation of Saponification Value                              16
2. Calculation of Peroxide Value                                       16
3. Calculation of Acid Value                                              17
4. Calculation of Specific Gravity                                               17
5. Percentage yield of the Oil                                             18
6. Table of Values                                                              19
7. Discussion                                                                     19

CHAPTER FIVE

1. Conclusion and Recommendation                                 21

5.1     Conclusion                                                                     21

References                                                                      22

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

As a result of the increase in the demand for oils and fats for both industrial and consumption purposes, frantic efforts have been initiated through research and experiments to find out as much sources of oil and fats as possible.  Before now, oils and fats used by man were those obtained from animals, but presently, efforts through research and experiments have revealed a lot of plant sources of fats and oils to meet the observed increment in demand.  These plants oils are otherwise known as vegetable oil and are obtained either from the seeds or the nuts of a plant.  Examples of these oils are myristic oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, oil bean seed oil, coconut oil among others.

As stated above, one of the fruits born by the frantic efforts to find suitable alternatives to animal sources of oils and fats is the discovery of myristic oil. Myristic oil is an extract from monodora myristica (Ehuru) of the family annonareoa.  The oil is gotten from the seeds of the tree plant, which its seeds, are commonly used in the flavouring of food.  Apart from the use of its seeds in food flavouring myristic oil is a very good edible oil it contains about 25% yield of the edible oil and 5% of volatile oil. (Van Oss 1975).  Myristic oil just like other vegetable oils can be obtained by soxhlete extraction method, cold method, steam distillation among other extraction techniques.

Here in the eastern part of Nigeria, Monodora myristica is major grown in Nsukka, Enugu State.  The tree considerably call and well branched.  The fruits are round and big like that of bread fruit; containing numerous shelled seeds within the inner mass of the fruits.  The seeds are capsular in shape and remain the base for its propagation.