IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES AND ITS EFFECTIVE USE IN IMPROVING THE TEACHING AND LEARNING SITUATION IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS (EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Education, according to Coombs (2000) consists of two components. He classified these two components into inputs and outputs. According to him, inputs consist of human and material resources and outputs are the goals and outcomes of the educational process. Both the inputs and outputs form a dynamic organic whole and if one wants to investigate and assess the educational system in order to improve its performance, effects of one component on the other must be examined. Instructional materials are print and non-print items that are designed to impart information to students in the educational process. Instructional materials include items such as kits, textbooks, magazines, Newspapers, pictures, recordings, slides, transparencies, videos, video discs, workbooks, and electronic media including but not limited to music, movies, radio, software, CD-ROMs, and online services. Instructional material plays a very important role in the teaching-learning process. It enhances the memory level of the students. At this time, education has spread wide and the entirely oral teaching cannot be the key to successful pedagogy; therefore, the teacher has to use instructional material to make the teaching-learning process interesting (Nicholls, 2000; Raw, 2003). The use of instructional material can enhance the learning achievement. Cronbac (2009) states the important elements of behaviour that provides the base for learning theory. Situations, the situation consists of all the objects, persons and symbols in learner environments. Experience in situation prepares a person to respond to similar situation in the future. Situation must be created in which learner may feel satisfaction. Personal characterizes under this heading we include all the abilities and all the typical responses that the person brings to the situation.
Use of instructional material can appeal to the individual attention by creating interest. Goal: the goal of the learner is that he wishes to attain. Since goals direct efforts, the teacher problem of motivation is essentially one of arranging situation with instructional material in which the learner will see goals he wants to attain. Interpretation: Person interprets situation in order to take action If relevant aids are made available it will be easy for a teacher and student to predict that what can be expected to happen if various actions are taken. Action: A person chooses whatever action he expects to give him the greatest satisfaction.
