TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION – – – 1
CHAPTER TWO: SOURCES OF SOIL POLLUTION 6
2.1 Natural Sources – – – – – – 6
2.2 Anthropogenic Sources – – – – – 8
2.2.1 Industrial Activities – – – – – 9
2.2.2 Urban andTransport Infrastructures – – – 11
2.2.3 Mining – – – – – – – 15
CHAPTER THREE
- Method of Soil Pollution Remediation – – – 18
- Immobilization Technique – – – – 18
- Soil Flushing – – – – – – 19
- Rhizofiltration – – – – – – 21
- Chemical Oxidation – – – – – 23
- Phytoremediation – – – – – – 25
- Vitrification – – – – – – – 26
CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS29
- Summary – – – – – – – 29
- Recommendations – – – – – – 30
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
A material which does not exist in nature but is introduced into the soil through natural processes and anthropogenic activities, and hence affects the composition of the soil, is known as a contaminant. It can be categorized as chemical, biological, physical, or radiological substances that, in sufficient concentrations, can adversely affect the living organisms through soil, water, air, and food. A contaminant becomes a pollutant when it exerts detrimental effects, e.g., chlorine gas does not occur in the atmosphere, so it is a contaminant, but when it is released into the atmosphere through human-induced activity, it becomes a pollutant because of its harmful effects on humans and animals. Contaminants are released into the soils through natural and anthropogenic sources.
