Abstracts
Must be a single paragraph that summarizes the main findings of the paper. Authors of original scientific papers must supply a structured ab stract of no more than 300 words under the following subheadings: Object, Methods, Results, Conclusion. Because the abstract will be provided separately by ab stracting services, it should be complete and understand able without reference to the text. A short list of key words should be included as soon as possible. These words or phrases are used for indexing or searching services. Please provide six keywords and less which can be used for indexing purposes. Introduction: Introduction should be as concise as possible, without subheadings. The introduction should present the purpose of the studies reported and their relationship to earlier work in the field. It should allow the readers to understand and evaluate the results of the present study without referring to previous publica tions on the topic. Results and Discussion: Results and Discussion may be combined and may be organized into subheadings. Conclusion: Conclusion section is a single paragraph no longer than 150 words. An effective Conclusion includes the following elements: (1) a brief back ground of the question that avoids statements about how a process is not well understood; (2) a description of the results and approaches/model systems framed in the context of their conceptual interest; and (3) an indi cation of the broader significance of the work. Please do not include references in the Conclusion. Materials and Methods: If brief (less than 200 words in total), they can be included in the text at an appro priate place. Otherwise, they should be described at the end of the text in a ‘Methods’ section, subdivided by short, bold headings referring to methods used.
Descriptions of methods already published should be avoided; a reference number can be provided to save space, with the new addition or variation briefly stated. This whole section should not exceed 800 words and should ideally be shorter. If more space is required for Methods, the editor may suggest use of onlineonly supplementary information for this purpose after sub mission and after receiving referees’ reports. Supple mentary material is also peerreviewed. References (Nature style): References are each num bered, ordered sequentially as they appear in text, me hods, tables, figure legends. When cited in the text, reference numbers are superscript, not in brackets un less they are likely to be confused with a superscript number. The maximum number of references, strictly enforced, is 50 for fulllength articles. Only one publi cation can be listed for each number. Only articles that have been published or submitted to a named publica tion should be in the reference list; papers in prepara tion should be mentioned in the text with a list of authors (or initials if any of the authors are coauthors of the present contribution). Published conference abstracts, numbered patents and preprints on recogniz ed servers may be included in reference lists. Please follow the style below in the published edition of ToxEHS in preparing reference lists. • Authors should be included in reference lists unless there are more than five, in which case only the first author should be given, followed by ‘et al.’. • Authors should be listed surname first, followed by a comma and initials of given names. • Titles of articles cited in reference lists should be in upright, not italic text; the first word of the title is capitalized, the title written exactly as it appears in the work cited, ending with a full stop. Book titles are italic with all main words capitalized. Journal titles are italic and abbreviated according to common usage. • Volume numbers are bold.
The publisher and city of publication are required for books cited. (Refer to published papers in ToxEHS for details.) • References to webonly journals should give authors, article title and journal name above, followed by url in full or doi if known and the year of publication in parentheses. • References to websites should give authors if known, title of cited page, url in full, and year of posting in parentheses. •Examples: Reference to a journal publication Jones, R. B., Gordus, A., Krall, J. A. & MacBeath, G. A quantitative protein interaction network for the ErbB receptors using protein microarrays. Nature 439, 168174 (2006). Reference to a book McKusick, V. A. in Mendelian Inheritance in Man 12th Edn (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1998). Reference to a chapter in an edited book Bruce, M. E., Fraser, H., McBride, P. A., Scott, J. R. & Dickinson, A. G. in Prion Diseases of Humans and Animals (eds Prusiner, S. B., Collinge, J., Powell, J. & Anderton, B.) 497508 (Ellis Horwood, New York, London, 1992). Reference to a website Global Effluent Guidelines, www.levistrauss.com/ Downloads/GEG2007.pdf (2007). Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements are brief and follow the reference list. Authors are encouraged to include a statement to specify the contributions of each coauthor. Acknowledgements contain grant or contri bution numbers, but do not contain thanks to anony mous referees and editors, or effusive comments. Tables: Table should each be presented on a separate page, portrait (not landscape) orientation, and upright on the page, not sideways. Tables have a short, oneline title in bold text. Upright roman (not bold or italic) type of the same size as the rest of the text is used. The body of the table should not contain horizontal or vertical rules; these will be added by ToxEHS when necessary after the paper has been accepted for publication. Ta bles should be as small as possible. Bear in mind the size of a ToxEHS page as a limiting factor when com piling a table and ensure it will reduce appropriately. Symbols and abbreviations are defined immediately below the table, followed by essential descriptive mate rial as briefly as possible, all in doublespaced text. The preferred format for regular tables is Microsoft Word; however, WordPerfect and Acrobat PDF are also acceptable. Note that a straight Excel file is not currently an accept able format. Excel files must be either embedded in a Word or WordPerfect document or converted to PDF before being uploaded. Figure legends: Figure legends should be listed one after the other, as part of the text document, separate from the figure files. Please, do not write a legend below each figure. Each figure legend should begin with a brief title for the whole figure and continue with a short description of each panel and the symbols used.
