Abstract:
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has necessitated the development of effective novel antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antibacterial potential of extracts from Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) and Calotropis procera (Giant Indian Milk Weed) against wound isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Crude and fractionated leaf extracts were obtained through maceration and liquid-liquid fractionation, respectively. Phytochemical screening was performed on the crude extracts. Wound specimens were collected from hospitalized patients and subjected to pure culture isolation using streaking. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) was conducted via disc diffusion using conventional antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant wound isolates were exposed to both crude and fractionated extracts using the Agar well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined through broth macrodilution assays. Acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluations were also carried out. Calotropis procera yielded the highest percentage (14.15%), followed by Camellia sinensis (6.26%). Nineteen wound isolates were identified, of which twelve demonstrated multidrug resistance. The aqueous fraction of Calotropis procera exhibited the highest yield (5.85 grams) and displayed prominent antibacterial activity against most isolates, while Camellia sinensis yielded the least (3.60 grams). The combined extracts at varying concentrations, in a 1:1 ratio, produced the largest inhibition zone against Enterococcus spp. (16.00±1.15 mm) at 550 mg/ml, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterobacter cloacae. Klebsiella pneumoniae displayed resistance to the combined extracts. MIC values ranged from 275 to 100 mg/ml, with Enterococcus spp. exhibiting the lowest. The extracts demonstrated bactericidal activity against all isolates. The LD50 of the extracts exceeded 5000 mg/kg body weight, while sub-acute toxicity assessments revealed mortality in the 1000 mg/kg body weight/day group during weeks 2 and 4. This group also exhibited significant differences (p<0.05) in biochemical and hematological parameters compared to the control, 200 mg/kg body weight/day, and 600 mg/kg body weight/day groups. These findings suggest the potent efficacy of these plants against multidrug-resistant wound isolates, with repeated doses not exceeding 600 mg/kg body weight/day. Thus, these plants hold promise as novel therapeutic agents for combating these microorganisms.
ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF GREEN TEA AND GIANT INDIAN MILK WEED EXTRACTS AGAINST DRUG-RESISTANT WOUND ISOLATES,  GET MORE, ACTUARIAL SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS
