(Oreochromis niloticus) OBTAINED FROM URUA ATO
ABSTRACT
In this study, using standard analytical method, values for BAF of gills were marginally higher than those of the muscles (except for Cu) owing to the fact that gills are the organs that contact polluted environment first as long as metabolic process in fish is concerned. Value for heavy metals in water followed the sequence: Zn (0.60mg1-1) > Fe (0.25 mg1-1) > Cu (0.19 mg1-1) >Â Pb (0.1 mg1-1) > Cd (0.01 mg1-1); while those for gills were: Fe (29.10mg/kg) >Zn (27.2 mg/kg) > Cu (0.37 mg/kg) >Pb (0.15 mg/kg) >Cd (0.040 mg/kg) and muscles: Zn (21.0 mg/kg) > Fe (19.75 mg/kg) > Cu (0.66 mg/kg) > Cd (0.34 mg/kg) > Pb (0.03 mg/kg). The result of the analysis obtained and all the values of heavy metals analysed were within permissible limit of WHO.
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1: Map of study area – – – – – – 30
Fig 2: Picture of practical analysis – – – – – 31
Fig 3: Multiple bar chart of BAF of muscle and gills against
heavy metals – – – – – – – 34
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1:Â Â The bioaccumulation factor of heavy metals from
Water to gills/water to flesh of Tilapia – – – 33
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – v
List of Figures – – – – – – – – vi
List of tables – – – – – – – – vii
Table of contents – – – – – – – – vii-xi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – – 1-3
1.2 Aims and Objective of the study – – – – 3
1.3 Significance of the study – – – – – – 3-4
1.4 Scope and Limitations of the study – – – – 4
1.5 Definition of terms – – – – – – 4-5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review – – – – – – – 6
2.1    Biology of Tilapia         –       –       –       –       –       –       –       6
2.1.1 Tilapia as an Exotic and Invasive species – – – 6-7
2.1.2 Morphology of Tilapia          –       –       –       –       –       7-10
2.1.3 Feeding Habit – – – – – – – 10-11
2.1.4 Social Organization – – – – – – 11-12
2.1.5 Reproduction – – – – – – – 12-14
2.1.6 Parental care – – – – – – – 14-15
2.2 Heavy Metals Analyzed – – – – – – 16
2.2.1 Cadmium – – – – – – – – 16-18
2.2.2 Lead – – – – – – – – – 18-21
2.2.3 Iron – – – – – – – – – 21-22
2.2.4 Zinc – – – – – – – – – 22-23
2.2.5 Copper – – – – – – – – 23-24
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods – – – – – – 25
3.1 Materials – – – – – – – – 25-26
3.3 Methodology – – – – – – – 27
3.2.1 Water sample      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       27
3.2.2 Fish sample         –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       27
3.4    Laboratory Analysis     –       –       –       –       –       –       28
3.4.1 Fish sample – – – – – – – – 28-29
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion – – – – – – 30
4.1 Results – – – – – – – – 30
4.2 Discussion – – – – – – – – 32-35
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations – – – – 36
5.1 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 36
5.2 Recommendations – – – – – – – 36
References
