DETERMINATION OF SOME MACROELEMENT COMPOSITION IN Phyllanthus amarus LEAVES

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ABSTRACT

The analysis of the macro element composition in Phyllanthus amarus was analyzed using standard procedures. The analysis showed that the calcium content was 3.54, sodium 0.96, potassium 2.51 and magnesium 0.22mg/100g respectively. From the results, the sample contains minimal amount of these minerals which should be consumed with other medicinal plants rich in macro element to enrich and maintain the general physiological functions of the body. Therefore, if properly processed, it is recommended that it should be incorperated into medications and dietary supplement for proper maintenance of the body.

Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus, composition, macro-element, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium. 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Macroelement Composition of Phyllanthus amarus –        –        23

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page    …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       i

Certification         …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       ii

Dedication …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       iii

Acknowledgements        …       …       …       …       …       …       …       iv-v 

Abstract      …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       vi

List of Tables       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       vii

Table of Contents          …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       viii-x

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  1. Background of the Study        …       …       …       …       …       …       1-2
    1. Aims and Objectives of the Study     …       …       …       …       2
    1. Scope and Limitation of the Study   …       …       …       …       2

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Description and Origin of Phyllanthus amarus              …       3-4

2.2     Botanical Classification of Phyllanthus amarus   …       …       4

2.3     Health Benefits of Phyllanthus amarus       …       …       …       4-5   

2.4     Tradition Uses of Phyllanthus amarus        …       …       …       …       5-6

2.5     Macro-Elements             …       …       …       …       …       …       7-8

2.6     Biochemical Roles of Phyllanthus amarus  …       …       …       8

2.6.1  Biochemical Roles of  Calcium         …       …       …       …       …       8-9

2.6.2  Biochemical Roles of Sodium …       …       …       …       …       9

2.6.3  Biochemical Roles of Potassium       …       …       …       …       9-10

2.6.4  Biochemical Roles of Magnesium     …       …       …       …       10

2.7     Deficiency Symptoms of Some Macro-Elements …       …       11

2.7.2  Sodium …   …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       11

2.7.3  Potassium …        …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       12

2.7.4  Magnesium…        …       …       …       …       …       …       …       12

2.8     Diseased Conditions Associated with Macro-Elements           …       13-15

2.9     Toxicity of Macro-Elements    …       …       …       …       …       15-17

2.10   Recommend Daily Allowance (RDA) for Calcium, Sodium,

Potassium and Magnesium      …       …       …       …       …       17-18

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1     Materials    …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       19

3.2     Collection, Identification and Preparation of the Sample        …       19

3.3     Procedure for Digestion                    …       …       …       …       …       20

3.4     Estimation of Potassium by Flame Photometry   …       …       20-21

3.5     Estimation of Sodium by Flame Photometry       …       …       …       21-22

3.6     Determination of Magnesium and Calcium using

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer … …       …       …       22

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1     Result         …       …       …       …       …       …       …       …       23

4.2     Discussion …       …       …       ….      …       …       …       …       24-25

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDIES

5.1     Summary             …       …       …       …       …       …       …       26

5.2     Conclusion           …       …       …       …       …       …       …       26

5.3     Suggestion for Further Studies         …       …       …       …       …       27

References

Appendices