EGG DROP SYNDROME-76, NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND GUMBORO DISEASE ANTIBODIES IN POULTRY IN ZARIA AND ENVIRONS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA, A RESEARCH PROJECT TOPIC ON MICROBIOLOGY
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of egg drop syndrome-76 (EDS-76), Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) in poultry sampled from rural households, live bird markets (LBM) and commercial farms in sixteen different locations of Zaria and environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to detect EDS-76 and ND antibodies, while agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) was used to detect antibodies to IBD. The result indicates that out of the 679 sera analyzed, 470 (69.2%) tested positive for EDS-76 antibodies, with prevalence of 100% obtained in Samaru commercial farm, ABU Quarters and Wusasa, and the lowest prevalence in Samaru LBM (34%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was a highly significant difference between the locations (p < 0.001). The mean EDS-76 antibody titre in poultry in different locations sampled in Zaria and environs of Kaduna State, Nigeria was 4.73 ± 0.09 log2. The highest mean EDS-76 antibody titre (7.07 ± 0.55 log2) was obtained in poultry from Wusasa and the lowest mean EDS-76 antibody titre (2.73 ± 0.66 log2) in poultry from Samaru LBM. Rural households had a sero-prevalence of 66.8% for EDS-76 and a mean antibody titre of 4.36 ± 0.15 log2. Geese, pigeons and turkeys had a sero-prevalence of 33.3%, 52.6% and 18.2%, respectively for EDS-76, while turkeys had the highest mean EDS-76 antibody titre (7.50 ± 0.50 log2). Local chickens had a sero-prevalence of 68.2%, while broilers had a sero-prevalence of 100% for EDS-76. The overall ND sero-prevalence of 72.1% was obtained for 1, 028 sera samples analyzed. High prevalence of 100% were obtained in birds sampled from Graceland, Samaru commercial farm, Sakaru, Wusasa and Zango commercial farms, while the lowest sero-prevalence was obtained from Giwa LBM (24.5%). The ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the locations (p <0 .0001=”” 0.13=”” 6.08=”” antibody=”” log=”” mean=”” nd=”” overall=”” span=”” the=”” titre=”” was=””>2. The highest titre was recorded in flocks in Zango commercial farms (9.61 ± 0.93 log2) and the lowest titre (2.32 ± 0.38 log2) and very low percentage of protective ND antibodies (14.5%) was obtained in birds from Pan hauya. Among the three LGAs sampled, flocks in Zaria had the highest mean ND antibody titre (8.84 ± 0.17 log2) and all birds sampled having protective antibody titre ≥4log2, while flocks in Giwa had the lowest mean ND antibody titre (3.55 ± 0.32 log2) with the least having protective antibody titre (15.2%). Rural households had a sero-prevalence of 69.8% with 67.2% of poultry birds at risk of being affected by ND in an outbreak. The overall IBD sero-prevalence obtained was (48.4%). The highest IBD sero-prevalence was obtained in poultry sampled from Biye (81.8%).
