Abstract:
The concept of a stadium crowd pertains to the congregation of individuals for sporting events and other activities within a stadium. This phenomenon often gives rise to various challenges, encompassing aspects such as movement, ventilation, temperature regulation, and security concerns. This study is specifically focused on addressing the circulation issue within stadium crowds. The research draws insights from prior investigations, including recommendations from FIFA and related domains, to develop effective solutions. The primary objective is to establish football stadiums that facilitate a safer environment for crowd engagement, ensuring sustainable spectator experiences.
Employing a survey research approach, data was collected from a diverse participant pool. This pool included 25 management personnel, 20 technical staff members, 20 security officials, including police personnel, and a total of 1049 spectators from both the Uyo and Abuja stadiums. The sampling technique adopted was purposive, which falls under the non-probability sampling category. The research instrument utilized for data collection was a questionnaire, with 485 surveys administered at the Uyo stadium and 660 surveys at the Abuja stadium. Out of the total administered surveys, 1114 were successfully retrieved out of 1145. Data collection involved collaboration with research assistants, followed by meticulous coding and organization of data. Analysis was facilitated through SPSS and Excel software, and findings were succinctly presented using tables and charts to enhance clarity.
The outcomes of the analysis indicate that the majority of stadia exhibit effective crowd management strategies, barring scenarios necessitating full capacity evacuation. The results are presented in terms of percentages denoting scores for adequacy, fairness, and inadequacy across different aspects: CCTV (17%, 15%, 9%), stadium entrance (86.9%, 7.3%, 5.8%), lighting (13%, 85%, 2%), signage (8.5%, 84.4%, 7.1%), peak period evacuation (18.6%, 7.6%, 73.8%), ticketing (11.9%, 74.6%, 13.5%), seating plan (48.4%, 40.1%, 11.5%), security personnel allocation (42.2%, 40.3%, 17.5%), fan queuing and assembly (64.4%, 35.6%, 0%), and gate opening (77.6%, 13.6%, 8.8%).
In summation, this study underscores the insufficiency of evacuation procedures during peak periods in stadiums. The proposed solutions are threefold: enhancing the ingress/egress system, establishing open circulation paths from upper seating levels to facilitate evacuation, and improving emergency and vehicular access points to bolster full capacity evacuation capabilities. Additionally, a pivotal recommendation stemming from this research pertains to conducting awareness programs to educate visitors about the appropriate utilization of stadium facilities.
EVALUATION OF CROWD MANAGEMENT APPROACHES IN THE ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING OF MINNA NATIONAL STADIUM, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.  GET MORE, ACTUARIAL SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS
