ABSTRACT
Lasiantheraafricana (Editan) leave were analyzed for its phytochemical contents and composition using standard procedures. The results of the quantitative phytochemical analysis were obtained as follows: Saponin (4.0±0.10%), Flavonoids (21.35±0.15%), Alkaloids (2.95±0.15%), Tannins (17.83±0.13 mg/100g) and Cyanogenic glycoside (39.75±0.25%). The presence and composition of these phytochemicals point to the medicinal potentials of the plant. Hence, it is concluded that the plant is medicinally and nutritionally potent and should be used in the pharmaceutical industries for the formulation of drugs as well as in traditional herbal medicine.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – vii
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study – – – – 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives – – – – 4
1.3 Scope and Limitation of the Study – – 4
1.4 Definitions of Terms – – – – 5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – 6
2.1 Description of Lasianthera africana – – – 6
2.2 Scientific Classification of Lasianthera africana – 8
2.3 Traditional uses of Lasianthera africana – – 8
2.4 Nutritional value of Lasianthera africana – – 9
2.5 Medicinal properties of phytochemicals – – 11
2.6 Phytochemicals – – – – – – 13
2.6.1 Alkaloids – – – – – – – 14
2.6.1.1 Biological Activity of Alkaloids – – – 16
2.6.2 Tannins – – – – – – – 17
2.6.2.1 Biological activity of Tannins – – – – 19
2.6.3 Flavonoids – – – – – – – 20
2.6.3.1 Biological Activity of Flavonoids – – – 21
2.6.4 Saponin – – – – – – – 22
2.6.4.1 Biological Activity of Saponin – – – – 23
2.6.5 Terpenoids – – – – – – – 24
2.6.5.1 Biological Activity of Terpenoids – – – 27
2.6.6 Cyanogenic Glycosides – – – – – 28
2.6.6.1 Pharmacological Activities of Cyanogenic Glycoside 29
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS – – – – 31
3.1 Materials/Reagents – – – – – – 32
3.2 Method – – – – – – – – 32
3.2.1 Collection of Sample – – – – – – 32
3.2.2 Sample Preparation – – – – – – 33
3.3 Determination of Phytochemical Constituents – – 33
3.3.1 Determination of Alkaloid – – – – – 33
3.3.2 Determination of Tannin – – – – – – 34
3.3.3 Determination of Flavonoid – – – – – 35
3.3.4 Determination of Cyanogenic glycoside – – – 36
3.3.5 Determination of Saponin – – – – – 37
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – – – – 38
- Results – – – – – – – – 38
- Discussion – – – – – – – – 39
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION – – 45
- Conclusion- – – – – – – – 45
- Recommendation – – – – – – – 45
References – – – – – – – – 47
