ABSTRACT
Thisstudy was carried out to investigate the effect of raw carrot juice on some hematological parameters in Albino wistar rats induced with diabetes using alloxan. Twenty (20) healthy male Albino wistar rats weighing (81 – 117g) were randomly divided into five groups of four animals each according to their body weight. One group served as the control, while the other four groups served as the experimental groups. Group I was sustained with normal rat chow and distilled water. Group II was induced with diabetes with alloxan and sustained with normal rat chow and distilled water. Groups III, IV and V were induced with diabetes with alloxan and sustained with normal rat chow, distilled water and graded doses (200mg, 400mg and 600mg) per kilogram body weight respectively. The administration was done for 28 days after which sacrifice of the animals was done. Blood was collected and hematological assay of the blood was carried out. The result of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in all the red blood cell indices. Red blood cells, Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and platelet) when compared with the control group. These results suggest that diabetes, raw carrot juice has the efficacy to boost red blood cells indices. Hence, it is recommended for diabetic patients to boost their red blood cells indices level.
Keywords: Carrot juice, hematological indices, diabetes, alloxan.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – vi
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – – 4
1.3 Scope and Limitation – – – – – – 5
1.4 Definition of Terms – – – – – – 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW – – 9
2.1 Botanical Classification of Carrot – – – 9
2.2 Description of Carrot – – – – – 10
2.3 Nutritional Value of Carrot – – – – 12
2.4 Medicinal Value/Pharmacological activities – – 14
2.4.1 Cytotoxic effects – – – – – – 14
2.4.2 Antioxidant effects       –       –       –       –       –       –       16
2.4.3 Antimicrobial effects – – – – – 18
2.4.4 Antidiabetic effects – – – – – 19
2.4.5 Anti – inflammatory effect – – – – 20
2.4.6 Effect on intraocular pressure – – – – 21
2.4.7 Hair induction effect – – – – – 22
2.5    Hematological parameters      –       –       –       –       23
2.5.1 Haemoglobin (Hb) – – – – – – 23
2.5.2 Pack Cell Volume (PCV) – – – – – 26
2.5.3 Red Blood Cell (RBC) – – – – – 27
2.5.4 Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) 28
2.5.5 Platelet – – – – – – – 30
2.6 Alloxan/biological activities – – – – 33
2.7 Alloxan impact upon beta cells – – – – 34
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS – 36
3.1 Materials – – – – – – – 36
3.2 Methods – – – – – – – 36
3.2.1 Sample Collection and Preparation – – – 36
3.2.2 Experimental Design, animal grouping/treatment         –       37
3.3 Collection of Blood Sample – – – – 39
3.4 Hematological Assay – – – – – 39
3.5 Analytical Procedure(s) – – – – – 40
3.6 Statistical Analysis – – – – – – 42
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – 43
4.1 Results – – – – – – – 43
4.2 Discussion – – – – – – – 45
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION – – – – – – 51
5.1 Conclusion – – – – – – – 51
5.2 Recommendation – – – – – – 51
References
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Plants have series of medicinal and neutraceutical properties utilized by humans. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the world population, presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care (Davidson-Hunt, 2000).Plants show nutritional and therapeutic benefits including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, cardiovascular, respiratory, immunological, anti-inflammatory, analgesic antipyretic and many other pharmacological effects (Al-Snafi, 2016). Various medicinal plants likeTrigonellafoenum-graecumL., GlycyrrhizaglabraL., Carica papaya L. have been evaluated to haveantidiabetic or protective effects in diabetes (Gozde and Abdurrauf, 2016). A number of studies have associated high fruit consumption with low risk of some life-threatening disorders like coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer (Asif, 2014).
