ABSTRACT
The study investigates the effect of motivation on employees’ performance in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions. The research is aim to examine the effect of Intrinsic, Extrinsic and job motivation on employee performance. Six hypotheses were raised and tested in the study and the results showed that there was relationship between intrinsic motivation and Job performance of staff Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State with r=0.496 and p=0.000. Survey research design was employed. A sample of 381 respondents was selected at random for the study. SPSS and Smart PLS 3 inferential statistical softwares were used in analysing data collected. However, from the analysis, it was discovered that coefficient determination (R-square) is showing 73%; meaning that, the independent variable are able to influence the Dependent variable of to 73% and intrinsic, extrinsic and job motivation are significantly influencing employees performance. The research recommends the need for Niger Delta University to pursue extrinsic motivation in terms of welfare package and other extrinsic benefits, especially issues of training and development vigorously for desirable performance.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
- Introduction
The success of any business or organisation as a matter of fact depends largely on the motivation of the employees. Human resources are essential to the prosperity, productivity and performance of any organisation whether public or private. Motivation is the key to creating an enabling environment where optimal performance is possible. This leads to the question of how do we ensure that the individual motivation is at its peak within the organisation or workplace (Akpan 2013)
Motivation appears to be the urge, impetus inspiration, incentive and ego booster that energize a teacher (in this case) towards performing certain duties as required by him in order to meet the stated aims and objectivities of the firm (Robbins, 2000). Patrick (2013) refers to motivation as an act that causes a person to act or to do something. Motivation and performance are very important factors in terms of organization success and achievement. Motivation plays an important role in the organization because it increases the productivity of employees and the goals can be achieved in an efficient way (Jotowicz 2014). The behavior of employees can be changed through motivation in any organization. Motivation is thus a means of acknowledging and understanding of the needs, wants, feelings, ideals of employee by boosting their abilities and knowledge in their work. Though financial benefit or non financial nature. Human beings are differ in nature, differ from the way they think, which has always becomes difficult for management to choose the best motivational method that suits each employees.
Every employee or worker has his or her own set of motivations and personal incentives that ginger him or her to work hard or not as the case may be. Some are motivated by recognition whilst others are motivated by cash incentives. Whatever, the form of employee motivation, the key to promoting that motivation as an employer, is understanding and incentives Coy, (2000).
Employee incentive programmes go a long way towards ensuring employees feel appreciated cared for and deemed worthwhile. This can go a long way to help with employee motivation across the board. The greatest thing about motivation is that it is individualized as such programs are tailored to suit the needs and wants of employees. Motivation does not only encourage productive performance but also show employees how much the company cares. Perhaps the most vital impact of employee motivation is that of increased productivity or performance.
This according to literature on the subject is the central aim of adopting employee motivational programmes thus, if you can increase employee motivation, productivity inevitably will follow suit Ryan, (2011).
Employee motivation promotes workplace harmony and increased employee performance. It is the key to long term benefits for the company. Motivated employees means staff retention and company loyalty, which in the short run will give birth to growth and development of business Jishi, (2009).
In the nutshell, the above submission shows that employee motivation is very essential to the growth, development and success of any organisation, tertiary institutions inclusive and this leads to the emergence of this study ‘Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria’ to examine the effect of motivation on employee performance through the following variables: Motivation, Intrinsic reward, Extrinsic reward, Feedback and Performance.
Tertiary institutions the world over, have the prime objectives of impacting knowledge through teaching, research and community services. To effectively deliver on these objectives, qualified and competent workforces are required. However, the performance of academic and non- academic staff is not only a function of ability (qualification and competence) but also of motivation, Jishi, (2009). It is important to stress at this point that if adequate measures are taken towards motivating staff in tertiary institutions by the management, there will be corresponding increase in productivity and efficiency, (Aminu, 2012).
As a result, this thesis intends to examine the Effect of Motivation on Workers Performance in Niger Delta University.
Statement of the Problem
The employee’s motivation is a key factor towards job performance and services delivery in any organization or institution. Motivation has been a hallmark of productivity and job performance in every organization. This situation has been a stumbling block towards provision of services by employees in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions. By identifying this, several measures have been taken by the government to improve motivation to her employees such as training opportunities, seminars, salary increment as well as incentives like housing and transport allowances. An organization that wishes to attain high productivity must be an organization whose workers, both skilled and unskilled are willing to exert high levels of effort in achieving goals set by the organization (Adeyemi 2014; Kofi 2016).
Staff in such institutions feel they are note motivated to put in their bet because their basic needs of food shelter, clothing and safety is neglected, thus, in order to meet up these needs, they turn to other businesses and sadly neglect their official work. The appraisal system does not help matters because no one takes the point to find out if the students are contented with the level of teaching or if they understand such teachers at all and whether services offered by Non-academic staff is inconformity with the standard and work ethics in terms of keeping students records, admission processes, handling staff promotion issues and welfare among many other issues Hassan, (2010), Aminu, (2014), Aminu and Ahmed, (2016), Hindo and Moses, (2011). This thesis intends to examine the effect of motivation on staff performance in Niger Delay University.
- Research Questions
- What extent does Motivation enhances employee performance?
- How does Intrinsic and Extrinsic rewards influence employee performance?
- To what extent that motivation techniques use by tertiary institutions facilitate employee performance?
- Research Objectives
The main objective of this study is to examine the Effect of Motivation on Workers Performance in Niger Delta University. Specifically, the research intends to achieve the following specific objectives:
- To examine the effect of Motivation on employee performance.
- To find out the effect of Intrinsic and Extrinsic rewards on employee performance.
- To identify motivation techniques use by tertiary institutions in order to facilitate employee performance.
1.4 Hypothesis
- H1: Motivation has no significance relationship with employee performance.
- H2: Intrinsic and Extrinsic rewards have no significance relationship with employee performance.
- H3: Motivation techniques use by tertiary institutions does not significantly facilitate employee performance.
- Significance of the Study
The findings from this study will be beneficial not only to the employees of Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State but also the entire Tertiary Institutions in the country as a whole hence motivation issues in Nigerian tertiary institutions is a matter of concern among the institutions.
This study will help many organizations especially the management to improve their understanding about motivation and its effect on performance. It is expected that when employees are given some incentives, they are likely to put more effort in discharging their duties.
Therefore, this study will be of significance to researchers, the public, the employers of labour/management of organizations and the employees as it delves into the link between employee motivation and employee performance.
Thus, management of any establishment has to put policies in place to enable the employees put in their best efforts towards the higher performance and efficiency.
- Scope of the Study
The study focused on the Effect of Motivation on Workers Performance. This study targeted employees of Niger Delta University were chosen as case study areas due to peculiarities with motivation issues of Tertiary Institutions especially on Salary Package. However, the study contents are scoped on the seven variables of the study comprising six independent variable proxies and one dependent variable as follows: Motivation, Intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward, Feedback, and Performance.
- Definition of Terms
- Motivation: Motivation is thus a means of acknowledging and understanding of the needs, wants, feelings, ideals of employee by boosting their full abilities and knowledge in their work.
- Performance: The accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed. In a contract, performance is deemed to be the fulfilment of an obligation, in a manner that releases the performer from all liabilities under the contract.
- Employee performance: refers to working in terms of quantity and quality expected from each staff of tertiary institutions of Katsina State.
- The Effect of Motivation on Workers Performance in Niger Delta University
