NUTRITIONAL POTENTIALS OF MUD–FLAT PERIWINKLE OF THE NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA

TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS                                                                         PAGE

Title Page    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        i

Certification         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Dedication –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iii

Acknowledgements        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Table of Contents –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION      –        –        –        1

1. Ecological distribution of periwinkle species in Akwa Ibom
   1. Taxonomic characteristics of some periwinkle species
   1. Types of periwinkle in Akwa Ibom State
   1. Feeding
   1. Life Cycle
   1. Growth rate

CHAPTER TWO: HARVESTING AND PREPARATION OF PERIWINKLE

• Harvesting of Periwinkle
  • Aquaculture of Periwinkle
  • Preparation of Perewinkle for consumption

CHAPTER THREE: ECONOMIC AND NUTRITIONAL POTENTIALS OF PERIWINKLE

• Human Uses of Periwinkle
  • Health benefits of eating periwinkle
  • Health Hazards of periwinkle consumption
  • Supply chain of periwinkle
  • Processor
  • Commercial value of periwinkle

CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

•  Summary
  • Conclusion

References

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Ecological Distribution of Periwinkle Species in Akwa Ibom

Grazing gastropods are important structuring elements of intertidal communities (Hawkins and Hartnoll,2009) Specifically, periwinkles affect benthic community structure and recruitment success of structurally important seaweeds (Trussell et al., 2002). The ecological effect of periwinkles may vary with body size. For instance, periwinkles display size-dependent grazing rates (Geller 2007), reduced intra-specific competition in smaller size categories (Byers 2000), and differential habitat selection by age. Consequently, factors causing variation in size distribution of periwinkles are important for community dynamics in coastal environments. In different marine systems, genetically continuous gastropod and bivalve populations may show strong phenotypic plasticity in the size and strength of shells (Bayne and Worrall,2004).

Wave exposure is considered one of the most important factors affecting gastropod shell size distribution. For example, Hylleberg and Christensen (1978) showed that average shell size of the periwinkle Littorina littorea (L.) increased with increasing degree of exposure. Presumably, a large shell size in conjunction with a large aperture enables an increased foot size for greater adhesion to the substratum and enhanced ability to withstand wave shock (Raffaelli,2008). Other factors may be likewise important for determining the size structure of marine gastropod populations, e.g. food availability and intraspecific competition (Buschbaum et al., 2007).

DOWNLOAD COMPLETE PROJECT