CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
HIV is a virus that attacks cells that helps the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infectious diseases. It is spread by contact with certain body fluids a person with HIV most commonly during unprotected sex (sex without condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV) or through sharing injective drug equipment. If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease AIDs (Acquire Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) WHO, 2015.
Hepatitis (B, C) is a potential life threatening liver infection caused by viral infections, it is a major global health concern which has the potential to cause chronic and often fatal liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and cancer. Globally, about two billions individuals are reacting (infected) with this virus (HBC, HCV), at some point in their life-time while 360-400 million of the population (5% of world population) are chronic carriers. Hepatitis infections (B,C) is estimated to cause about 600,000 death per annum worldwide (WHO 2016). Both hepatitis B and C, can result to life threatening liver infection leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (WHO, 2016). What makes this viral infection more life threatening is the fact that is affects the liver. The liver is a multi-functional organ with wide range of function essential to health. This include regulation of the entire metabolic process, production of blood proteins, such as albumin and synthesis of clothing factors. The life risks which result from chronic carriers of hepatitis B and C viral infections is a major concern for health care personnel (Zaras et al., 2017).
Both Hepatitis B and C are transmitted through parental route via unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of sharp object and transfusion of infected blood.
         They are different types of hepatitis, but this study considers Hep Hbv and Hcv. HBV is transmitted through contact with infectious body fluid, such as semen, vaginal secretion and while HCV is transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluid, typically through injection drug use and sexual contact.
